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Snakes (from Old English snaca, and ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European base snag- or sneg-, "to crawl"), also known as ophidians, are cold blooded legless reptiles closely related to lizards, which share the order Squamata. There are also several species of legless lizard which superficially resemble snakes, but are not otherwise related to them. A love of snakes is called ophiophilia, a fear of snakes is called ophidiophobia. A specialist in snakes is an ophiologist.
An old synonym for snake is serpent (which comes from Old French, and ultimately from *serp-, "to creep"); in modern usage this usually refers to a mythic or symbolic snake, and information about such creatures will be found under serpent (symbolism). This article deals with the biology of snakes.
Evolution
The phylogeny of snakes is poorly known due to the fact that snake skeletons are typically small and fragile, making fossilization unlikely. It has however been generally agreed, on the basis of morphology, that snakes descended from lizard-like ancestors. Recent research based on genetics and biochemistry confirms this; snakes form a venom clade with several extant lizard families.
Recent fossil evidence suggests that snakes directly evolved from burrowing lizards, either varanids or some other group. An early fossil snake, Najash rionegrina, was a two-legged burrowing animal with a sacrum, fully terrestrial. One extant analog of these putative ancestors is the earless monitor Lanthanotus of Borneo, although it also is semi-aquatic. As these ancestors became more subterranean, they lost their limbs and became more streamlined for burrowing. Features such as the transparent, fused eyelids and loss of external ears, according to this hypothesis, evolved to combat subterranean conditions (scratched corneas, dirt in the ears). According to this hypothesis, snakes re-emerged onto the surface of the land much as they are today. Other primitive snakes are known to have possessed hindlimbs but lacked a direct connection of the pelvic bones to the vertebrae, including Haasiophis, Pachyrhachis and Eupodophis) which are slightly older than Najash.
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Snakes :: Reptiles and Amphibians
i hate sneaky snakes.
beachballz (Erin Lung) Fri, 08 Jan 2010 01:16:25 -0000
i hate sneaky snakes.
@doughboi133 @djels and @yungflykiddd all snakes lmao
Chubs89 (Juan Chubs&quo) Fri, 08 Jan 2010 01:11:00 -0000
@doughboi133 @djels and @yungflykiddd all snakes lmao
@janaeyvette when the grass is cut the snakes will show. | that's why i stay mowing the lawn.
TheKiidCam (Cameron V. Collins) Fri, 08 Jan 2010 01:09:28 -0000
@janaeyvette when the grass is cut the snakes will show. | that's why i stay mowing the lawn.
BEEN HIT A 3-60 AND I DID IT WITHOUT ANY1S SYMPATHY STANDING TALL THRU ALL THE TRICKERY THE SNAKES SLITHERING & BAIT THAT'S LINGERING
1SUGARSMACKS (THE RAWE$T ) Fri, 08 Jan 2010 01:09:02 -0000
BEEN HIT A 3-60 AND I DID IT WITHOUT ANY1S SYMPATHY STANDING TALL THRU ALL THE TRICKERY THE SNAKES SLITHERING & BAIT THAT'S LINGERING
RT @TheKiidCam: @janaeyvette I guess its the trait of a snake niggas and bitches!--when the grass is cut the snakes will show
janaeyvette (Janae' Varnado) Fri, 08 Jan 2010 01:05:34 -0000
RT @TheKiidCam: @janaeyvette I guess its the trait of a snake niggas and bitches!--when the grass is cut the snakes will show
@gryffindorgal87 yeah!!! Any guys who can cut off an evil snakes head is ok by me! (even if he did use Gryffindor's sword to do it XD)
NyssaM (D B) Fri, 08 Jan 2010 01:00:41 -0000
@gryffindorgal87 yeah!!! Any guys who can cut off an evil snakes head is ok by me! (even if he did use Gryffindor's sword to do it XD)
Albino Tricolors - Breeder who sells captive bred milksnakes.
All Boas - A site devoted to sharing one breeder's enthusiasm for boa constrictors.
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Amazon Basin Boas - Captive bred Amazon Basin Emerald Tree Boas.
ATRA: All Things Reptile and Amphibian - Exotic reptiles, venomous, cobras, captive born, rattlers, spitting cobras, venomoids are described and sold.
Awesome Arboreals - A private breeder specializing in emerald tree boas and green tree pythons.
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B.H.B. Enterprises - Kingsnakes, milksnakes, cornsnakes, ratsnakes, gopher snakes, pinesnakes, and colubrids.
Ball Python World - A Canadian Ball Python breeder who promotes quality care for Ball Pythons purchased as pets, for collections, or as breeders.
Meta Description: [ Ball python world is dedicated to breeding quality ball pythons, including genetic morphs. Hatchlings are well established and for sale. Find a wealth of information on care, breeding, supplies and enclosures ]
Bill Cagle Reptiles - Selling locality-specific boa constrictors with specialty in Peruvian and Brazilian Redtail boas.
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Blue Chameleon Ventures - Corn snakes, ratsnakes, kingsnakes, and milksnakes. Also offers herp photography and herp tours to Madagascar.
Bob Clark Captive Born Reptiles - Specializing in rare burmese, reticulated and ball pythons for over 25 years.
Carpet Pythons by Marc Mense - Carpet pythons for sale in Germany.
Caveman Reptiles - Breeder with focus on Ball pythons, from normals to high-end morphs.
Cherryville Farms - Breeders offering colubrids, rosy and sand boas and several species of pythons.
Meta Description: [ content ]
Chondro Dreams - Breeder selling Green Tree pythons with emphasis on customer service.
Meta Description: [ Quality Chondros with the best customer service ]
Classic Dum's - Breeder's site contains information on the Dumeril's Boa's natural environment and captive husbandry. Includes photos and a discussion of the differences between Dumeril's and Red Tail boas.
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Constable Reptiles - Specializing in boas and pythons, all of which have been purchased from select breeders across North America.
Creatures of the Night - Breeder of different color phases of cornsnakes and a select few kingsnakes.
Meta Description: [ Breeder of various colubrids ]
David Kershaw Captive Bred Snakes - Specializing in the various color morphs of corn snake. Includes care sheets and links.
DB Reptiles - UK breeder specializing in the captive propagation of a number of Royal python mutations.
Meta Description: [ We are a UK based breeder specialising in the captive propagation of a number of Royal python mutations. Our goal is simple, we aim to provide our customers with the highest quality investment pythons. ]
Don Patterson Reptiles - Captive Bred Pythons and Boas.
Escalante Reptiles - Offers Burmese and Ball python morphs as well as genetics information and links.
Exceptional Quality Snakes - Dealing in boas, pythons, corn snakes, rat snakes, milk snakes and king snakes.
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Fine Green Tree Pythons - Information about keeping and breeding chondros as well as a selection of captive bred youngsters and yearlings.
Forked Tongue Enterprises - Photographs of reptile breeds, with prices for available specimens.
Meta Description: [ We carry a wide variety of specialty snakes and reptiles. ]
Great Basin Reptiles - Captive bred king, milk, gopher, and rat snakes. Specializing in Great Basin Gopher Snakes. Shipping available nationwide.
Green Tree Pythons UK - Keepers and breeders of captive bred Chondros.
Meta Description: [ Green Tree Pythons UK Chondros, Keeping and Breeding by Steve Fuller. Green Tree Pythons UK, GTP's, Chondros or Morelia Viridis are Arboreal Snakes, Tree Dwelling Snakes. ]
Gregg's Reptile Basement - Breed and maintains a collection of rare colubrid morphs and localities. Specializing in Rat, Gopher and King snakes of North America.
Hiers Herpetoculture - Selling captive-bred boas and pythons.
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Hognose Snake Plus - Breeders of various Hognose and Blood Red cornsnakes. Site also includes herp-related original art photo composites by Steve Jones.
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IMPACT Reptiles - Breeder of snakes and feeder rodents with their main focus being on the genus Elaphe.
Meta Description: [ Located in Columbia, SC, IMPACT Reptiles is a breeder of high quality reptiles, snakes, Leopard Geckos and feeder rodents. After Dark is also the first dating personal ad service for reptile and exotics singles. ]
Investment Quality Reptiles - Breeding albino boas.
Meta Description: [ Brian Sharp Reptiles, Full service Reptile BReeder ]
J.Y. Reptiles - Breeding captive bred snakes.
Jaguar Breeding Center - Jaguar Carpet Pythons, hypo red, hypo banana, Angolan pythons, piedbald Ball pythons, Diamond pythons, albino Nelson's milk snakes, and kingsnakes.
John O. Hollister Reptile Collection - A private collection of various colubrids, boas and pythons. information on cages, and heating.
Meta Description: [ A private collection of various colubrids, boas and pythons. information on cages, heating, etc. ]
John Skipper Reptiles - Private breeder of boas, pythons and colubrids.
Meta Description: [ Snake breeder, John Skipper Reptiles does snake breeding. One of the finest snake breeders in North America ]
Just Dum's - Specializing in breeding Dumeril's Boas.
Kathy Love's Corn Utopia - Corn snake stock availability, as well as published care guide and other merchandise. Information, photos, and care sheets for both novices and advanced hobbyists alike.
La Vibora - Specializing in captive bred arboreal pitvipers.
Lexcorn - Captive bred corn and rat snake adult, yearling and hatchlings for sale in the UK. Also offers a selection of corn snake morphs and rare rat snakes.
Meta Description: [ Experienced breeder of corn & rat snakes. Various 'high end' morphs Butter Motley, Blizzard & Bloodred to Lavender & Opal in '06. Also, Vietnamese Blue Beauty & Elaphe Mandarina. ]
Living Art Reptiles - Specializing in breeding quality Ball pythons with customer service both before and after purchase. Dedicated to the care and maintenance of snakes since 1989.
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Mark Perkins and Sons - Specializing in the sale of corn snakes. Includes care sheets and photographs.
Meta Description: [ Professional Corn Snake breeder. Over 30 varieties of corn snakes in our photo gallery and helpful care sheets. ]
Mike's Corn Snakes - Florida breeder of captive bred corn snakes. This site has Care Sheet, FAQ page for beginners questions as well as price list for hatchlings.
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Milk Snake Encyclopedia for Breeders and Collectors - Learn about and shop for milk snakes (Lampropeltis triangulum) and supplies with the encyclopedia offered here.
Meta Description: [ Milk Snake Encyclopedia, Morphs for Breeders and Collectors of Milk Snakes (Lampropeltis Triangulum). Learn and Shop for Milk Snakes and Supplies. ]
MoreliaSnake.com - Site has articles on python care with photos of rare snakes. Captive bred juveniles for sale; located in Hungary.
Meta Description: [ Pythons for sale (Morelia nauta and amethistina) ]
Napa Valley Snakes - Specialized breeders of rare boas and pythons, as well as Asian ratsnakes.
Old World Pythons - Captive-born pythons in the Mid-Atlantic area, specializing in Ball python morphs.
Meta Description: [ Highest Quality Captive Born Pythons Available In The Mid-Atlantic Area! Specializing In Ball Python Morphs. This Site Is Dedicated To The Snake Enthusiast! ]
Ophidiophile Farms - Specializes in rare and exceptional ratsnakes including a number of Asian ratsnakes.
Ophiological Services - Selectively bred snakes, resources and information from an industry breeder.
Paul Harris - UK Pythons - Dealing in captive-bred specimens.
Meta Description: [ Paul Harris - UKPythons.com : Specializing in Investment Quality Python Species. ]
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Pete Cragg's Critter Connection - A private collection of captive bred milksnakes including Sinaloan, Nelson, Honduran and black.
Peter Kahl Reptiles - Dedicated to the captive breeding of rare boas and pythons; the originator of the albino boa constrictor, snow boa, and the piebald ball python.
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Pine Snakes: A Breeder and Fancier's Page - Personal site of a Pine snake and King Snake keeper and breeder. Information and contact details regarding snakes of all types.
Quality Rainbow Boas - Dealing in captive-bred specimens.
Meta Description: [ Quality captive bred Brazilian Rainbow Boas ]
Ralph Davis Reptiles - Dealing in boas and pythons.
RareBoas.com - Specializing in Boa Morphs - Works on producing a very diversified collection from several unrelated bloodlines.
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Rattlesnakes for Sale - Live rattlesnakes and copperheads;Eastern diamondback rattlesnakes, canebreak rattlesnakes, and tanned rattlesnake skins.
Renegade Reptiles - Breeder of kingsnakes, milksnakes and other colubrids.
Meta Description: [ Breeder of Kingsnakes, milksnakes, Hognose snakes and Cornsnakes. Captive bred by us, at our breeding facility. We provide quality snakes at affordable prices. ]
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Reptiles of RA - Captive bred womas, albino hognose, designer Hondurans, and several species of sand boas.
Rosy Boa's Etc - Offering captive-born, locality-specific rosy boas, kingsnakes and mountain kingsnakes.
Meta Description: [ The captive breeding, captive care, and propagation of the locality specific reptile snake species Rosy Boa (Lichanura Trivirgata), California Kingsnake ,(Lampropeltis Getula Californiae), and California Mountain Kingsnake, (Lampropeltis Zonata) and includes color photographs, a caresheet, freque... ]
Santa Cruz Reptiles - Dealing in red-tail boas, rosy boas, hypomelanistic cape gopher snakes and other colubrids.
Scaleman Constrictors - This site has pictures of Scaleman's collection of boas. It also offers a place for people to purchase, sell, or just discuss any reptiles. It features items for sale.
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Signal Herpetoculture - Private breeders of green tree pythons (Chondropython / Morelia viridis) and emerald tree boas (Corallus caninus).
Snake City - UK hobbyist breeder of cornsnakes.
Snowball's Ball Pythons - Private breeder of captive bred and born Ball python morphs. Site includes tutorials and information.
Meta Description: [ Ball Python, Balls, Pythons, Albino, Anerythristic, Mojave, Black Backed, Caramel Albino, Cinnamon, Clown, Ghost, Granite, Lavender Albino, piebalds ]
South Mountain Reptiles - Large producer of corn snakes in the Midwest.
Meta Description: [ South Mountain Reptiles, offering over 50 varieties of corn snakes. Supplying quality reptiles for over 25 years. ]
Strikers Herps - Private breeder of colubrids, boas and pythons.
Meta Description: [ We offer for sale only top quality captive bred reptiles.
These are bred for superior color and temperment. ]
Striking Serpents - Captive bred pythons and boas for sale. Includes a picture gallery.
Sundial Snakes - Breeders of captive bred snakes.
The Boaphile - Dedicated to the propagation of all Boa Constrictors: red-tails, albinos, hets, hypos, anerythristics, pastels, Colombians, Peruvians, Surinams and Bolivians.
Meta Description: [ This is a site dedicated to high-end beautiful and yet functional reptile caging he has for sale here at http://www.boaphileplastics.com. ]
The Carnivorous Orchid - Breeder of tree boas, panther chameleons, and hybrids. Includes husbandry tips.
The Corn Snake Pit - Hobbyist breeder of corn snakes, black rat snakes, and Western hognose snakes.
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The Dark Grove - Offers a list of snakes for sale, picture gallery, monitors, and Amazon and Emerald tree boa care sheets.
The Emerald Tree Boa Organization - Specializing in the propagation and husbandry of tree boas.
Meta Description: [ Emerald Tree Boa Home. A herptocultural site devoted to husbandry and maintanence information concerning the keystone arboreal boid species of the Amazonian rainforests, Corallus annulatus, corallus brombergii, corallus caninus, corallus hortulanus and corallus ruschenbergii. ]
The Snake Keeper - Specializing in captive propagation of natural and colorful pattern morph ball pythons.
Tiny Giants - Breeders of pythons and boas. Caresheets, and pictures.
UK Snakes - Captive bred snakes from the UK.
Meta Description: [ captive bred snakes. Breeding Royal Pythons,Womas,Centralian Pythons,AlbinoRoyal Pythons,CarpetPythons. ]
Vida Preciosa International, Inc. - An assortment of boas, colubrids and pythons for sale.
Vivid Reptiles - Breeder specializing kingsnakes, boas, pythons, ratsnakes. Offers world wide shipping.
Wayne's World of Snakes - Breeder offering various captive bred and wild caught snakes.
Napa Valley Snakes - Specialized breeders of rare boas and pythons, as well as Asian ratsnakes.
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