Dairy products are generally defined as foodstuffs produced from milk. A production plant for such processing is called a dairy. Raw milk for processing generally comes from cows, but occasionally from other mammals such as goats, sheep, water buffalo, yaks, or horses.

Types of dairy products

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There are more than 30 main products made from milk with a number of sub-products in each category. Dairy products include:

• Milk, after optional homogenization, pasteurization, in several grades after standardization of the fat level
  • Cream, the fat skimmed off the top of milk or separated by machine-centrifuges
    • Sour cream, cream that has been fermented by the bacteria Streptococcus lactis and Leuconostoc citrovorum
    • Crème fraîche, slightly fermented cream
  • Cultured buttermilk, fermented concentrated (water removed) milk using the same bacteria as sour cream
  • Milk powder (or powdered milk), produced by removing the water from milk
    • Whole milk & buttermilk
    • Skim milk
    • Cream
    • High milk-fat & nutritional powders (for infant formulas)
    • Cultured and confectionery powders
  • Condensed milk, milk which has been concentrated by evaporation, often with sugar added for longer life in an opened can
  • Evaporated milk, (less concentrated than condensed) milk without added sugar
  • Khoa
  • Infant formula, dried milk powder with specific additives for feeding human infants

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