The flowering plants (also called angiosperms) are a major group of land plants. They comprise one of the two groups in the seed plants, distinct in covering their seeds by enclosing them in a true fruit. They bear the reproductive organs in a structure called a flower; the ovule is enclosed within a carpel, which will lead to a fruit.
In the other major group of seed plants, called gymnosperms, the ovule is not enclosed at pollination and the seeds are not in a true fruit, although woody or fleshy cones often enclose and cover the seeds during maturation.
Origins
The first evidence of angiosperms appears in the fossil record approximately 140 million years ago, during the Jurassic period (202-135 million years ago). Based on current evidence, it seems that the ancestors of the angiosperms and the Gnetophytes diverged from one another during the late Triassic (245-202 million years ago). Fossil plants with some identifiable angiosperm characteristics appear in the Jurassic and early Cretaceous (135-65 million years ago), but in relatively few and primitive forms. The great angiosperm radiation, when a great diversity of angiosperms appear in the fossil record, occurred in the mid-Cretaceous (approximately 100 million years ago). By the late Cretaceous, angiosperms appear to have become the predominant group of land plants, and many fossil plants recognizable as belonging to modern families (including beech, oak, maple, and magnolia) appeared.
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